Applications (End Use Industries for Glass and Oxygen)
• Irrigation |
• Food Processing |
Environmental Applications for ECOsmarte
ECOsmarte’s applications span the range of possible media: air, water, wastewater, soils and sludges. Depending on the objective, H2O2 may be used either alone or in combination with other processes to enhance their performance. With Glasspack media now certified to NSF 61 for drinking water (and NSF 50 for recreational water) any building worldwide is an ECOsmarte candidate.
Stand-Alone Applications
Odor control - Oxidizes hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, amines and aldehydes. H2O2 can be generated in line in aqueous waste streams or to the wet scrubbers. If the odors are the result of biological activity, copper ionization may instead be added as a preventative to eliminate the anoxic conditions which favor the generation of odors.
Corrosion control - destroys residual chlorine and reduced sulfur compounds thiosulfates, sulfites, and sulfides) which form corrosive acids when condensed onto processing equipment and oxidized by air.
BOD/COD removal - Oxidizes both organic and inorganic pollutants which contribute to BOD and COD -- catalytic, H2O2 may be needed to oxidize the more resistant substances. H2O2 may also affect BOD/COD removal by enhancing the performance of other processes (see below).
Inorganic oxidation - Oxidizes cyanides, NOx/SOx, nitrites, hydrazine, carbonyl sulfide, and other reduced sulfur compounds mentioned above (odor/corrosion control).
Organic oxidation - Hydrolyzes formaldehyde, carbon disulfide, carbohydrates, organophosphorus and nitrogen compounds, and various water-soluble polymers; and (with catalysis) destroys phenols, BTEX pesticides, solvents, plasticizers, chelants, and virtually any other organic requiring treatment.
Metals oxidation - Oxidizes ferrous iron, manganese, arsenic, and selenium to improve their adsorption, filtration, or precipitation from process waters and wastewaters.
Toxicity reduction/Biodegradability improvement - Without catalysis, oxidizes complex organics into smaller, less toxic and more biodegradable fragments.
Disinfection/Bio-control - Checks excess biogrowth in water supplies and cooling circuits, and (with catalysis) disinfects process waters and biological effluents.
Enhancement (Combination) Applications
Flocculationlprecipitation - Oxidizes metal complexes and improves the performance of inorganic flocculants.
Air Flotation - Releases evenly dispersed microbubbles which entrain emulsified fats, oils and greases to enhance their removal in air flotation units and grease traps.
Biotreatment - As a pretreatment - degrades toxic, refractory or bio-inhibitory organics, rendering them more amenable to biodegradation. In con junction with - provides a supplemental source of dissolved oxygen in-situ (penetrating both soil columns and bioflocs, eliminating the sludge bulking phenomenon). As a polishing step - destroys trace levels of organics that pass through biotreatment, providing the ancillary benefit of disinfection. Recirculation through glass media filters yield dramatic results with a low operating cost.
Filtration - Controls biofouling of UF and RO membranes while eliminating foul odors from media filters. Ionization and ECOsmarte’s H2O2 extend membrane and media life. ECOsmarte’s app
PROCESSES
Most ECOsmarte applications simply involve low voltage electrolysis, generating both dissolved oxygen (DO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), eliminating the need for supplemental chemicals or additional equipment. When residual bacteria control ionization is added, carbo dioxide pH control and glass filtration media (in conventional sand or gravity bed). These include the control of biogrowth (slime), the supply of supplemental oxygen, the removal of FOG and chlorine residuals, and the oxidation of sulfides/sulfites, metals, and other easy-to-oxidize components of BOD/COD. Activation of H2O2 in these applications may be affected by the adjustment/control of pH, temperature, and/or reaction time.
Catalytic H2O2 - The more difficult-to-oxidize pollutants may require the H2O2 to be activated with catalysts such as iron, copper, manganese, or other transition metal compounds. These catalysts may also be used to speed up H2O2 reactions that may otherwise take hours or days to complete. H2O2 catalysis may occur either in solution (using soluble catalysts) or in packed columns (using solid catalysts).
Solution catalysis - The most commonly used solution catalyst is iron, which when used with H2O2 is referred to as Fenton's Reagent. The reaction requires a slightly acidic pH and results in the formation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (.OH) which are capable of degrading most organic pollutants. Another solution catalyst is copper, which is often used to destroy cyanides. Other metals also show catalytic activity with H2O2 and may be used to selectively destroy specific pollutants.
Packed column catalysis - Solid catalysts eliminate the need to add soluble metals to the wastestrearn, and may offer greater flexibility in terms of reaction rates, selectivity, and the need for pH adjustment. This is an active area of research and many new developments are underway for a variety of applications.
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP's) - AOP's represent the newest development in H2O2 technology, and are loosely defined as processes that generate highly reactive oxygen radicals without the addition of metal catalysts. Typically, this means combining H2O2 with ozone or ultraviolet light. The result is the on-site total destruction of even refractory organics without the generation of sludges or residues. This technology is being widely applied to treat contaminated groundwaters, to purify and disinfect drinking waters and process waters, and to destroy trace organics in industrial effluents. ECOsmart
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